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Line 1: − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − + − Data can be saved in a lot of file formats. If there is no reason to do otherwise, we prefer delimited files with the options shown in bold. Alternative options are also shown.+ − {| class="wikitable"+ − |-+ − | file extension || '''tsv''' || csv || '''dat''' || txt+ − |-+ − | file extension || '''ascii''' || '''UTF-8''' || UTF-16BE || UTF-16LE || UCS-4/UTF-32+ − |-+ − | magic number || '''None''' || <BOM> + − |-+ − | line delimiter || \n || \r || '''\r\n'''+ − |- − | line delimiter after last line || no || '''yes''' − |- − | field delimiter || '''<tab>''' || , || ; − |- − | field delimiter after last field || '''no''' || yes − |- − | quoting character || '''None''' || " || ' − |- − | escape qc by doubling || no || yes − |- − | escape character || '''none''' || \ − |- − | first line || '''contains header''' || contains data − |- − | last field in line || '''must not be empty''' || may be empty − |- − | whitespace following delimiter || '''part of field''' || not part of field − |- − | decimal separator || '''.''' || , − |- − | thousands separator || '''none''' || . || ␣ || U+2009 − |} − Note that tab characters and newlines cannot be present in field content. − Here is an example [[File:Example.zip|thumb]] file. Sorry, it is zipped. Importing such files can be done in many languages:+ Line 90:
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→Alternatives
== TSG suggested file format for experiment data ==
== TSG suggested file format for experiment data ==
The TSG suggests a common file format for storing experimental data. Adhering to this format whenever practical makes it easier to re-use files and tools. The file format is a tab-separated values (tsv) file with the following specifications:
The TSG suggests a common file format for storing experimental data. Adhering to this format whenever practical makes it easier to re-use files and tools. The file is plain text for easy inspection and manipulation. The file format is a tab-separated values (tsv) file with the following specifications:
===== File =====
===== File =====
* File encoding is ASCII or UTF-8.
* File encoding is ASCII or UTF-8.
* The file contains no byte order mark (BOM) or other magic number.
* The file contains no byte order mark (BOM) or other magic number. This makes it ASCII compatible.
===== Lines =====
===== Lines =====
* Lines are separated by the '''\r\n''' line delimiter for better compatibility between operating systems.
* Lines are separated by the '''\r\n''' line delimiter for better compatibility between operating systems.
* The line delimiter should also be added after the last line, because...
* The line delimiter should also be added after the last line. This simplifies stream reading since all records (lines) are terminated. This allows for the use of a readline() function for acquiring a line.
* The first line contains a header with column/field names.
* The first line contains a header with column/field names.
===== Fields =====
===== Fields =====
* Field are separated by the '''tab''' field delimiter, because they rarely occur in texts and therefore require no escaping.
* Fields are separated by the '''tab''' field delimiter, because they rarely occur in texts. This allows for the use of comma's and semicolons in sentences without using an escape character.
* The field delimiter should also be added after each line's last field, because...
* The field delimiter should '''not''' be added after each line's last field. This allows for the use of a split() function for parsing a line.
* The last field in a line must not be empty, because... if there is no value, wat do...
* The last field in a line must not be empty, because it will show to parsers that the previous rule was obeyed.
* Fields are not surrounded by a quoting character.
* Fields are never surrounded by a quoting character.
* White space between field delimiters are considered part of the field.
* White space before or after field delimiters are considered part of a field.
* There is no defined escape character. If your data can contain tabs, use a different field delimiter or file format.
* There is no defined escape character. If your data can contain tabs or newlines, use a different field delimiter or file format.
===== Data =====
===== Data =====
* For numbers the decimal separator is a dot, not a comma. There is no thousands separator.
* For numbers the decimal separator is a dot, not a comma. There is no thousands separator.
== File Format ==
== Example ==
An example of what a file in this format may look like:
<pre>
User ID	Hair color	Response time	
1	brown	1.4	
2	blond	1230.434	
3	brown	0.399	
</pre>
An example file can be downloaded here [[File:Example.zip|thumb]] (sorry, it is zipped).
== Parsing ==
== Parsing ==
Importing such files can be done in many languages:
=== Python Standard Library===
=== Python Standard Library===
<nowiki>
<nowiki>
d <- read.csv("example.tsv", head=TRUE, sep = "\t")
d <- read.csv("example.tsv", head=TRUE, sep = "\t")
</nowiki>
</nowiki>
== Alternatives ==
Data can be saved in a lot of file formats. If there is no reason to do otherwise, we prefer delimited files with the options shown in bold. Alternative options are also shown.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
| File Extension || '''tsv''', csv, '''dat''', txt
|-
| File Encoding || '''ASCII''', '''UTF-8''', UTF-16BE, UTF-16LE, UCS-4/UTF-32
|-
| [[wikipedia:Magic_number_(programming)|Magic Number]] || '''None''', [[wikipedia:Byte_order_mark|BOM]]
|-
| Line Delimiter || \n, \r, '''\r\n'''
|-
| Line Delimiter after Last Line || '''Yes''', No
|-
| Field Delimiter || '''<tab>''', <comma> , <semicolon>
|-
| Field Delimiter after Last Field || Yes, '''No'''
|-
| Quoting Character || '''None''', ', "
|-
| Escape QC by doubling || Yes, No
|-
| Escape Character || '''None''', \
|-
| First Line Contains: || '''Header''', Data
|-
| Empty Last Field in Line || Allowed, '''Not Allowed'''
|-
| Whitespace Following Delimiter || '''Part of Field''', Excluded
|-
| Decimal Separator || '''<dot>''', <comma>
|-
| Thousands Separator || '''None''', <dot>, <space>, U+2009
|}
Note that tab characters and newlines cannot be present in field content.